Zusammenfassung
Als nicht schubweise verlaufende Kollagenosen mit häufig langsamen und chronisch-progredienten
Verlauf werden Notfälle häufig nicht der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung zugeordnet,
was ihre Diagnostik und schnelle Behandlung erschweren kann. Sjögren-Syndrom und Raynaud-Syndrom
sind Begleitsymptom vieler rheumatischer Erkrankungen und können ebenfalls komplizierend
verlaufen. In der folgenden Arbeit werden typische kasuistische Notfälle mit ihrer
klinischen Symptomatik aufgeführt und anschließend ein Überblick über die pathophysiologische
Zuordnung, die weitere Diagnostik, Differenzialdiagnostik und Therapie gegeben. Besonderes
Augenmerk wird beim Sjögren-Syndrom auf Komplikationen der interstitiellen Nierenerkrankungen,
auf die transverse Myelitis und das akute Hyperviskositätssyndrom gelegt. Bei der
systemischen Sklerose wird auf die renale Krise oder auf Komplikationen der pulmonalen
arteriellen Hypertonie eingegangen. Die Arbeit soll dazu dienen, Notfälle schneller
zu erkennen und der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung zuzuordnen, damit Überdiagnostik
und Fehldiagnosen vermieden und Therapien frühzeitig eingeleitet werden.
Abstract
Patients with primary Sjoegren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis commonly have a slowly
progressive course of disease and often, emergencies are not assigned to the underlying
rheumatic disease impeding timely diagnosis and treatment. Sjoegren's syndrome and
Raynaud's syndrome are common presentations of a number of rheumatic diseases and
may be accompanied by complications. In the present work, we describe typical cases
of emergencies and provide background information including definition, pathogenesis,
required diagnostics, and therapeutic options for complications. These include renal
tubular acidosis, transverse myelitis, hyperviscosity syndrome in Sjoegren's syndrome,
and pneumatosis, pulmonary artery hypertension, and renal crisis in systemic sclerosis.
The work should help to diagnose these complications early and to allocate them to
the underlying disease in order to avoid misinterpretation and to allow for timely
and correct treatment.
Schlüsselwörter
Notfälle - Sjögren-Syndrom - systemische Sklerose - benigne Pneumatose - hypokaliämische
Paralyse
Key words
emergencies - Sjoegren's syndrome - systemic sclerosis - pneumatosis cystoides - hypokalemic
paralysis
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Korrespondenzadresse
PD Dr. G. Riemekasten
Charite
Immunology/Rheumatology
T170
10117 Berlin
Phone: +49/30/450 61 30 17
Fax: +49/30/450 51 39 28
Email: gabriela.riemekasten@charite.de